decide
英 /dɪˈsaɪd/美 /dɪˈsaɪd/
v. 动词
决定;下决心;裁决
词义解析
decide 的本义是“切断、了结”,引申为“做出决定”。其核心含义是经过思考后做出选择或下决心。具体义项包括:1) 决定做某事(decide to do sth);2) 对某事做出判断或裁决(decide a case);3) 使某人下决心(What decided you to accept the offer?)。各义项均围绕“结束犹豫、明确选择”这一核心展开。
词根溯源
decide 源自拉丁语 decidere,由 de-(向下,彻底)和 caedere(砍,切)组成,字面意思是“砍下来”,引申为“了结、解决”。同源词包括 concise(简洁的)、incision(切口)等。记忆时可联想“一刀切下,了断犹豫”,从而记住“决定”的含义。
适用语境
decide 是通用词,适用于日常口语、商务、学术、法律等多个场合。在日常口语中,语气随意,如“I can't decide what to eat.”;在商务邮件中,较为正式,如“We need to decide on a strategy by Friday.”;在学术写作中,常表示基于证据得出结论,如“The experiment results decide whether the hypothesis is supported.”;在法律文本中,指法官或陪审团做出裁决,如“The court decided in favor of the plaintiff.”。不同场合下,decide 的语气从个人主观选择到权威裁决不等。
语法说明
decide 既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。及物时,后接不定式(decide to do)、wh-从句(decide what to do)或名词(decide the issue)。不及物时,常与 on/upon 连用,表示“就某事做出决定”(decide on a date)。注意:decide 后不直接接 that 从句,需用 decide that... 但 that 从句前可省略 that。易错点:混淆 decide 与 decide on,后者强调选定对象,如 decide on a career。
相似词辨析
decide 与 determine、resolve、settle 等近义。decide 最通用,强调做出选择;determine 更正式,强调决心或确定事实,如“determine the cause”;resolve 强调决心坚定,如“resolve to work harder”;settle 强调最终解决争议或悬念,如“settle a dispute”。在需要强调“消除疑虑、最终拍板”时用 decide;在强调“查明真相”时用 determine;在强调“下定决心”时用 resolve;在强调“了结纠纷”时用 settle。
使用注意
decide 属于中性词,无褒贬色彩,语域中性,适用于正式与非正式场合。常见误用:1) 将 decide 与 decide on 混淆,如“decide a date”应为“decide on a date”;2) 用 decide 表示“认为”时不加 that,如“I decided that it was too late”正确,但“I decided it too late”错误;3) 在口语中过度使用 decide,可用“make up one's mind”替换,但后者更口语化。
高频搭配
- decide to do sth
- decide on/upon sth
- decide between A and B
- decide whether/wh-
- decide a case
- decide the issue
- decide in favor of
- decide against
双语例句
- She decided to move to London for a better job.她决定搬到伦敦去找一份更好的工作。
- The jury decided the case in favor of the defendant.陪审团裁定该案被告胜诉。
- I can't decide which dress to wear tonight.我拿不定主意今晚穿哪条裙子。
- What decided you to give up smoking?是什么让你下决心戒烟的?
- We haven't decided on the venue for the conference yet.我们还没有确定会议的举办地点。